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The text of the agreements reached at the Crimea (Yalta) Conference
The
Crimea Conference of the heads of the Governments of the United States of
America, the United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
which took place from Feb. 4 to 11, came to the following conclusions:
I. The nations to be invited to this
conference should be: (a) the United Nations as they existed on 8 Feb.,
1945; and (b) Such of the Associated Nations as have declared war on the
common enemy by 1 March, 1945. (For this purpose, by the term "Associated
Nations" was meant the eight Associated Nations and Turkey.) When the
conference on world organization is held, the delegates of the United
Kingdom and United State of America will support a proposal to admit to
original membership two Soviet Socialist Republics, i.e., the Ukraine and
White Russia. That the United States Government, on behalf of the three
powers, should consult the Government of China and the French Provisional
Government in regard to decisions taken at the present conference concerning
the proposed world organization. That the text of the invitation to be
issued to all the nations which would take part in the United Nations
conference should be as follows: "The Government of the United States of
America, on behalf of itself and of the Governments of the United Kingdom,
the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics and the Republic of China and of
the Provisional Government of the French Republic invite the Government of
-------- to send representatives to a conference to be held on 25 April,
1945, or soon thereafter , at San Francisco, in the United States of
America, to prepare a charter for a general international organization for
the maintenance of international peace and security. "The above-named
Governments suggest that the conference consider as affording a basis for
such a Charter the proposals for the establishment of a general
international organization which were made public last October as a result
of the Dumbarton Oaks conference and which have now been supplemented by the
following provisions for Section C of Chapter VI: C. Voting "1. Each member
of the Security Council should have one vote. "2. Decisions of the Security
Council on procedural matters should be made by an affirmative vote of seven
members. "3. Decisions of the Security Council on all matters should be made
by an affirmative vote of seven members, including the concurring votes of
the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VIII,
Section A and under the second sentence of Paragraph 1 of Chapter VIII,
Section C, a party to a dispute should abstain from voting.' "Further
information as to arrangements will be transmitted subsequently. "In the
event that the Government of -------- desires in advance of the conference
to present views or comments concerning the proposals, the Government of the
United States of America will be pleased to transmit such views and comments
to the other participating Governments." Territorial trusteeship: It was
agreed that the five nations which will have permanent seats on the Security
Council should consult each other prior to the United Nations conference on
the question of territorial trusteeship. The acceptance of this
recommendation is subject to its being made clear that territorial
trusteeship will only apply to (a) existing mandates of the League of
Nations; (b) territories detached from the enemy as a result of the present
war; (c) any other territory which might voluntarily be placed under
trusteeship; and (d) no discussion of actual territories is contemplated at
the forthcoming United Nations conference or in the preliminary
consultations, and it will be a matter for subsequent agreement which
territories within the above categories will be place under trusteeship.
[Begin first section published Feb., 13, 1945.] II.
DECLARATION OF LIBERATED EUROPE. The following declaration has been
approved: The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States of
America have consulted with each other in the common interests of the people
of their countries and those of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their
mutual agreement to concert during the temporary period of instability in
liberated Europe the policies of their three Governments in assisting the
peoples liberated from the domination of Nazi Germany and the peoples of the
former Axis satellite states of Europe to solve by democratic means their
pressing political and economic problems. The establishment of order in
Europe and the rebuilding of national economic life must be achieved by
processes which will enable the liberated peoples to destroy the last
vestiges of nazism and fascism and to create democratic institutions of
their own choice. This is a principle of the Atlantic Charter - the right of
all people to choose the form of government under which they will live - the
restoration of sovereign rights and self-government to those peoples who
have been forcibly deprived to them by the aggressor nations. To foster the
conditions in which the liberated people may exercise these rights, the
three governments will jointly assist the people in any European liberated
state or former Axis state in Europe where, in their judgment conditions
require, (a) to establish conditions of internal peace; (b) to carry out
emergency relief measures for the relief of distressed peoples; (c) to form
interim governmental authorities broadly representative of all democratic
elements in the population and pledged to the earliest possible
establishment through free elections of Governments responsive to the will
of the people; and (d) to facilitate where necessary the holding of such
elections. The three Governments will consult the other United Nations and
provisional authorities or other Governments in Europe when matters of
direct interest to them are under consideration. When, in the opinion of the
three Governments, conditions in any European liberated state or former Axis
satellite in Europe make such action necessary, they will immediately
consult together on the measure necessary to discharge the joint
responsibilities set forth in this declaration. By this declaration we
reaffirm our faith in the principles of the Atlantic Charter, our pledge in
the Declaration by the United Nations and our determination to build in
cooperation with other peace-loving nations world order, under law,
dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all mankind.
In issuing this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the
Provisional Government of the French Republic may be associated with them in
the procedure suggested. [End first section published Feb., 13, 1945.]
III.
DISMEMBERMENT OF GERMANY. It was agreed that Article 12 (a) of the Surrender
terms for Germany should be amended to read as follows: "The United Kingdom,
the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
shall possess supreme authority with respect to Germany. In the exercise of
such authority they will take such steps, including the complete
dismemberment of Germany as they deem requisite for future peace and
security." The study of the procedure of the dismemberment of Germany was
referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Anthony Eden, Mr. John Winant, and
Mr. Fedor T. Gusev. This body would consider the desirability of associating
with it a French representative. IV.
ZONE OF OCCUPATION FOR THE FRENCH AND CONTROL COUNCIL FOR GERMANY. It was
agreed that a zone in Germany, to be occupied by the French forces, should
be allocated France. This zone would be formed out of the British and
American zones and its extent would be settled by the British and Americans
in consultation with the French Provisional Government. It was also agreed
that the French Provisional Government should be invited to become a member
of the Allied Control Council for Germany.
V.
REPARATION. The following protocol has been approved: Protocol On the Talks
Between the Heads of Three Governments at the Crimean Conference on the
Question of the German Reparations in Kind 1. Germany must pay in kind for
the losses caused by her to the Allied nations in the course of the war.
Reparations are to be received in the first instance by those countries
which have borne the main burden of the war, have suffered the heaviest
losses and have organized victory over the enemy. 2. Reparation in kind is
to be exacted from Germany in three following forms: (a) Removals within two
years from the surrender of Germany or the cessation of organized resistance
from the national wealth of Germany located on the territory of Germany
herself as well as outside her territory (equipment, machine tools, ships,
rolling stock, German investments abroad, shares of industrial, transport
and other enterprises in Germany, etc.), these removals to be carried out
chiefly for the purpose of destroying the war potential of Germany. (b)
Annual deliveries of goods from current production for a period to be fixed.
(c) Use of German labor. 3. For the working out on the above principles of a
detailed plan for exaction of reparation from Germany an Allied reparation
commission will be set up in Moscow. It will consist of three
representatives - one from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, one from
the United Kingdom and one from the United States of America. 4. With regard
to the fixing of the total sum of the reparation as well as the distribution
of it among the countries which suffered from the German aggression, the
Soviet and American delegations agreed as follows: "The Moscow reparation
commission should take in its initial studies as a basis for discussion the
suggestion of the Soviet Government that the total sum of the reparation in
accordance with the points (a) and (b) of the Paragraph 2 should be 22
billion dollars and that 50 per cent should go to the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics." The British delegation was of the opinion that,
pending consideration of the reparation question by the Moscow reparation
commission, no figures of reparation should be mentioned. The above
Soviet-American proposal has been passed to the Moscow reparation commission
as one of the proposals to be considered by the commission. VI.
MAJOR WAR CRIMINALS. The conference agreed that the question of the major
war criminals should be the subject of inquiry by the three Foreign
Secretaries for report in due course after the close of the conference.
[Begin second section published Feb. 13, 1945.] VII.
POLAND. The following declaration on Poland was agreed by the conference: "A
new situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete
liberation by the Red Army. This calls for the establishment of a Polish
Provisional Government which can be more broadly based than was possible
before the recent liberation of the western part of Poland. The Provisional
Government which is now functioning in Poland should therefore be
reorganized on a broader democratic basis with the inclusion of democratic
leaders from Poland itself and from Poles abroad. This new Government should
then be called the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity. "M.
Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. Clark Kerr are authorized as a commission
to consult in the first instance in Moscow with members of the present
Provisional Government and with other Polish democratic leaders from within
Poland and from abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present
Government along the above lines. This Polish Provisional Government of
National Unity shall be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered
elections as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage and secret
ballot. In these elections all democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall have
the right to take part and to put forward candidates. "When a Polish
Provisional of Government National Unity has been properly formed in
conformity with the above, the Government of the U.S.S.R., which now
maintains diplomatic relations with the present Provisional Government of
Poland, and the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
United States of America will establish diplomatic relations with the new
Polish Provisional Government National Unity, and will exchange Ambassadors
by whose reports the respective Governments will be kept informed about the
situation in Poland. "The three heads of Government consider that the
eastern frontier of Poland should follow the Curzon Line with digressions
from it in some regions of five to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They
recognize that Poland must receive substantial accessions in territory in
the north and west. They feel that the opinion of the new Polish Provisional
Government of National Unity should be sought in due course of the extent of
these accessions and that the final delimitation of the western frontier of
Poland should thereafter await the peace conference."
VIII. YOGOSLAVIA. It was agreed to recommend to Marshal Tito and to Dr.
Ivan Subasitch: (a) That the Tito-Subasitch agreement should immediately be
put into effect and a new government formed on the basis of the agreement.
(b) That as soon as the new Government has been formed it should declare:
(I) That the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation (AVNOJ) will
be extended to include members of the last Yugoslav Skupstina who have not
compromised themselves by collaboration with the enemy, thus forming a body
to be known as a temporary Parliament and (II) That legislative acts passed
by the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation (AVNOJ) will be
subject to subsequent ratification by a Constituent Assembly; and that this
statement should be published in the communiqué of the conference. [End
second section published Feb. 13, 1945.]
IX.
ITALO-YOGOSLAV FRONTIER - ITALO-ASUTRIAN FRONTIER. Notes on these subjects
were put in by the British delegation and the American and Soviet
delegations agreed to consider them and give their views later.
X.
YUGOSLAV-BULGARIAN RELATIONS. There was an exchange of views between the
Foreign Secretaries on the question of the desirability of a
Yugoslav-Bulgarian pact of alliance. The question at issue was whether a
state still under an armistice regime could be allowed to enter into a
treaty with another state. Mr. Eden suggested that the Bulgarian and
Yugoslav Governments should be informed that this could not be approved. Mr.
Stettinius suggested that the British and American Ambassadors should
discuss the matter further with Mr. Molotov in Moscow. Mr. Molotov agreed
with the proposal of Mr. Stettinius.
XI.
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE. The British delegation put in notes for the
consideration of their colleagues on the following subjects: (a) The Control
Commission in Bulgaria. (b) Greek claims upon Bulgaria, more particularly
with reference to reparations. (c) Oil equipment in Rumania.
XII.
IRAN. Mr. Eden, Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Molotov exchanged views on the
situation in Iran. It was agreed that this matter should be pursued through
the diplomatic channel. [Begin third section published Feb. 13, 1945.]
XIII.
MEETINGS OF THE THREE FOREIGN SECRETARIES. The conference agreed that
permanent machinery should be set up for consultation between the three
Foreign Secretaries; they should meet as often as necessary, probably about
every three or four months. These meetings will be held in rotation in the
three capitals, the first meeting being held in London. [End third section
published Feb. 13, 1945.]
XIV.
THE MONTREAUX CONVENTION AND THE STRAITS. It was agreed that at the next
meeting of the three Foreign Secretaries to be held in London, they should
consider proposals which it was understood the Soviet Government would put
forward in relation to the Montreaux Convention, and report to their
Governments. The Turkish Government should be informed at the appropriate
moment. The forgoing protocol was approved and signed by the three Foreign
Secretaries at the Crimean Conference Feb. 11, 1945. E. R. Stettinius Jr. M.
Molotov Anthony Eden AGREEMENT REGARDING JAPAN The leaders of the three
great powers - the Soviet Union, the United States of America and Great
Britain - have agreed that in two or three months after Germany has
surrendered and the war in Europe is terminated, the Soviet Union shall
enter into war against Japan on the side of the Allies on condition that: 1.
The status quo in Outer Mongolia (the Mongolian People's Republic) shall be
preserved. 2. The former rights of Russia violated by the treacherous attack
of Japan in 1904 shall be restored, viz.: (a) The southern part of Sakhalin
as well as the islands adjacent to it shall be returned to the Soviet Union;
(b) The commercial port of Dairen shall be internationalized, the
pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union in this port being safeguarded,
and the lease of Port Arthur as a naval base of the U.S.S.R. restored; (c)
The Chinese-Eastern Railroad and the South Manchurian Railroad, which
provide an outlet to Dairen, shall be jointly operated by the establishment
of a joint Soviet-Chinese company, it being understood that the pre-eminent
interests of the Soviet Union shall be safeguarded and that China shall
retain sovereignty in Manchuria; 3. The Kurile Islands shall be handed over
to the Soviet Union. It is understood that the agreement concerning Outer
Mongolia and the ports and railroads referred to above will require
concurrence of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The President will take
measures in order to maintain this concurrence on advice from Marshal
Stalin. The heads of the three great powers have agreed that these claims of
the Soviet Union shall be unquestionably fulfilled after Japan has been
defeated. For its part, the Soviet Union expresses it readiness to conclude
with the National Government of China a pact of friendship and alliance
between the U.S.S.R. and China in order to render assistance to China with
its armed forces for the purpose of liberating China from the Japanese yoke.
Joseph Stalin Franklin d. Roosevelt Winston S. Churchill February 11, 1945.
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